Ikhfa ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك appear after a نُ or it will be pronounced with a light nasal sound.
Ikhfa Meem Saakin When the letter ب apperars after a مَ it will be pronounced with a light sound in the nose;
Qalqala The five letters of Qalqala are ق ط ب ج د When any of these letters in a word has a Sukoon on it or if deciding on pausing on any of these letters which appear at the end of a sentence it will appear to have an echoing or jerking sound.
Qalb If after a نُ or the letter ب appears then the Noon Saakin or Tanween will be incorporated into the letter م an will be recited with Ghunna.
Idghaam If after a نُ or there appear any of these letters (ي ن م و) it will become assimilated into the letterand will be read with Ghunna.
Idghaam Meem Saakin If after a مُ there appear another مَ the two meems will become incorporated and will be read with Ghunna.